Schilling et al. (2008) noted "that the load, or mechanical stimuli, has been suggested to be of critical importance for inducing adaptation (Dudley et al., 1991; Hortobagyi et al., 1996; McDonagh and Davies, 1984). Evidence for the load used in resistance exercise emphasizing hypertrophy indicates a possible optimal threshold of 85% 1RM (Fry, 2004), but the multitude of acute training variables that may be altered in addition to load make a precise recommendation difficult."
Furthermore there is some old research by Hettinger & Muller that found regarding "the basic question about the real training stimulus" that:
1. It has been shown that muscle tension, i.e. the training strength, seems to be the important point in muscle training.
2. The minimum training stimulus in muscle tension is about one-third of the maximum strength obtainable in voluntary isometric muscle contractions, and an exertion of 40 to 50% of the current maximum strength of the muscle gives the muscle the maximum obtainable training effect.
3. It is unnecessary to keep up this tension to the point of complete fatigue of the muscle to get the maximum in training effect. A period representing 10 to 20 percent of the time it takes to reach complete fatigue of the muscle - which prevents further holding of muscle tension - is enough to reach the maximum obtainable training effect.
4. One single training stimulus per day is adequate for the maximum obtainable training effect for a certain muscle group, in a certain individual, during a certain time.
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