Post by John A. Casler on Jul 31, 2009 6:49:00 GMT -8
This is from Jamie Carruthers as posted to SuperTraining
To visit SUPERTRAINING FORUM
health.groups.yahoo.com/group/Supertraining/?yguid=44276758
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence that PRT is an effective intervention for improving physical functioning in older people, including improving strength and the performance of some simple and complex activities. However, some caution is needed with transferring these exercises for use with clinical populations because adverse events are not adequately reported.
Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults.Liu CJ, Latham NK.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD002759. Links
BACKGROUND: Muscle weakness in old age is associated with physical function decline. Progressive resistance strength training (PRT) exercises are designed to increase strength.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of PRT on older people and identify adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialized Register (to March 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to May 01, 2008), EMBASE (1980 to February 06 2007), CINAHL (1982 to July 01 2007) and two other electronic databases. We also searched reference lists of articles, reviewed conference abstracts and contacted authors.
SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials reporting physical outcomes of PRT for older people were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data. Data were pooled where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and twenty one trials with 6700 participants were included. In most trials, PRT was performed two to three times per week and at a high intensity. PRT resulted in a small but significant improvement in physical ability (33 trials, 2172 participants; SMD 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.22). Functional limitation measures also showed improvements: e.g. there was a modest improvement in gait speed (24 trials, 1179 participants, MD 0.08 m/s, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12); and a moderate to large effect for getting out of a chair (11 trials, 384 participants, SMD -0.94, 95% CI -1.49 to -0.38). PRT had a large positive effect on muscle strength (73 trials, 3059 participants, SMD 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.00).
Participants with osteoarthritis reported a reduction in pain following PRT(6 trials, 503 participants, SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.13). There was no evidence from 10 other trials (587 participants) that PRT had an effect on bodily pain. Adverse events were poorly recorded but adverse events related to musculoskeletal complaints, such as joint pain and muscle soreness, were reported in many of the studies that prospectively defined and monitored these events. Serious adverse events were rare, and no serious events were reported to be directly related to the exercise programme.
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Resistance Training and Neuromuscular Performance in Seniors.Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A.
Int J Sports Med. 2009 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print] Links
Age-related processes in the neuromuscular and the somatosensory system are responsible for decreases in maximal and explosive force production capacity and deficits in postural control. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of resistance training on strength performance and on postural control in seniors. Forty healthy seniors (67+/-1 yrs) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training (n=20) and a control group (n=20). Resistance training for the lower extremities lasted for 13 weeks at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Pre and post tests included the measurement of maximal isometric leg extension force with special emphasis on the early part of the force-time-curve and the assessment of static (functional reach test) and dynamic (tandem walk test, platform perturbation) postural control. Resistance training resulted in an enhanced strength performance with increases in explosive force exceeding those in maximal
strength. Improved performances in the functional reach and in the tandem walk test were observed. Resistance training did not have an effect on the compensation of platform perturbations. Increases in strength performance can primarily be explained by an improved neural drive of the agonist muscles.
The inconsistent effect of resistance training on postural control may be explained by heterogeneity of testing methodology or by the incapability of isolated resistance training to improve postural control.
To visit SUPERTRAINING FORUM
health.groups.yahoo.com/group/Supertraining/?yguid=44276758
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence that PRT is an effective intervention for improving physical functioning in older people, including improving strength and the performance of some simple and complex activities. However, some caution is needed with transferring these exercises for use with clinical populations because adverse events are not adequately reported.
Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults.Liu CJ, Latham NK.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD002759. Links
BACKGROUND: Muscle weakness in old age is associated with physical function decline. Progressive resistance strength training (PRT) exercises are designed to increase strength.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of PRT on older people and identify adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialized Register (to March 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to May 01, 2008), EMBASE (1980 to February 06 2007), CINAHL (1982 to July 01 2007) and two other electronic databases. We also searched reference lists of articles, reviewed conference abstracts and contacted authors.
SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials reporting physical outcomes of PRT for older people were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data. Data were pooled where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and twenty one trials with 6700 participants were included. In most trials, PRT was performed two to three times per week and at a high intensity. PRT resulted in a small but significant improvement in physical ability (33 trials, 2172 participants; SMD 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.22). Functional limitation measures also showed improvements: e.g. there was a modest improvement in gait speed (24 trials, 1179 participants, MD 0.08 m/s, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12); and a moderate to large effect for getting out of a chair (11 trials, 384 participants, SMD -0.94, 95% CI -1.49 to -0.38). PRT had a large positive effect on muscle strength (73 trials, 3059 participants, SMD 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.00).
Participants with osteoarthritis reported a reduction in pain following PRT(6 trials, 503 participants, SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.13). There was no evidence from 10 other trials (587 participants) that PRT had an effect on bodily pain. Adverse events were poorly recorded but adverse events related to musculoskeletal complaints, such as joint pain and muscle soreness, were reported in many of the studies that prospectively defined and monitored these events. Serious adverse events were rare, and no serious events were reported to be directly related to the exercise programme.
===========================
Resistance Training and Neuromuscular Performance in Seniors.Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A.
Int J Sports Med. 2009 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print] Links
Age-related processes in the neuromuscular and the somatosensory system are responsible for decreases in maximal and explosive force production capacity and deficits in postural control. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of resistance training on strength performance and on postural control in seniors. Forty healthy seniors (67+/-1 yrs) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training (n=20) and a control group (n=20). Resistance training for the lower extremities lasted for 13 weeks at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Pre and post tests included the measurement of maximal isometric leg extension force with special emphasis on the early part of the force-time-curve and the assessment of static (functional reach test) and dynamic (tandem walk test, platform perturbation) postural control. Resistance training resulted in an enhanced strength performance with increases in explosive force exceeding those in maximal
strength. Improved performances in the functional reach and in the tandem walk test were observed. Resistance training did not have an effect on the compensation of platform perturbations. Increases in strength performance can primarily be explained by an improved neural drive of the agonist muscles.
The inconsistent effect of resistance training on postural control may be explained by heterogeneity of testing methodology or by the incapability of isolated resistance training to improve postural control.