Post by carruthersjam on Oct 19, 2007 0:57:12 GMT -8
Members may find the following to be of interest:
Differential effects of strength versus power training on bone
mineral density in postmenopausal women: a 2-year longitudinal study
Simon von Stengel1, Wolfgang Kemmler1, Willi A Kalender1, Klaus
Engelke1, Dirk Lauber2
British Journal of Sports Medicine 2007;41:649-655
Objectives: To investigate the effect of two different schemes of
loading in resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and pain
in pretrained postmenopausal women.
Methods: 53 pretrained women (mean (SD) age 58.2 (3.7) years) who
carried out a mixed resistance and gymnastics programme were randomly
assigned to a strength training (ST) or power training (PT) group.
The difference between the two groups was the movement velocity
during the resistance training (ST, 4 s (concentric)/4 s (eccentric);
PT, explosive/4 s). Otherwise both groups carried out periodised
progressive resistance training (10–12 exercises, 2–4 sets, 4–12
repetitions at 70–92.5% of the one-repetition maximum (2/week) for 2
years. Mechanical loading was determined with a force measuring plate
during the leg press exercise. At baseline and after 2 years, BMD was
measured at different sites with dual x-ray absorptiometry. Pain was
assessed by questionnaire.
Results: Loading magnitude, loading/unloading rate, loading amplitude
and loading frequency differed significantly (p<0.001) between the
two groups. After 2 years, significant between-group differences were
detected for BMD (PT, –0.3%; ST, –2.4%; p<0.05) and bone area (PT,
0.4%; ST, –0.9%; p<0.05) at the lumbar spine. At the hip, there was a
non-significant trend in favour of the PT group. Also the incidence
of pain indicators at the lumbar spine was more favourable in the PT
group.
Conclusion: The results show that PT may be superior for maintaining
BMD in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, PT was safe as it did not
lead to increased injury or pain.
------------------
``These Old Bones''—A Growing Public Health
Problem
www.nata.org/jat/readers/archives/42.3/i1062-6050-42-3-325.pdf
Jennifer M. Hootman, PhD, ATC, FACSM
Excerpts provided:
The Bone and Joint Decade (2000–2010) was designated by the United
Nations and the World Health Organization to focus attention on the
growing worldwide burden of musculoskeletal disease. October 12–20,
2007, is National Action Week for the
US Bone and Joint Decade (www.usbjd.org) and the perfect avenue for
increasing the awareness of the public health problem of
musculoskeletal disease.
Musculoskeletal conditions make up some of the most common acute and
chronic conditions affecting both children and adults and are the
leading causes of physical disability and work-related disability in
the United States.1,2 The numbers affected are alarming for US
adults2–6:
• Arthritis: 46 million
• Low back pain: 34 million
• Neck pain: 9 million
• Osteoporosis: 10 million
• Unintentional injury: 15 million emergency department visits
• Musculoskeletal disorders: 30% of lost work days
The economic costs of these musculoskeletal conditions are
staggering, an estimated $240 billion annually, equivalent to
approximately 3% of the gross domestic product, equal to a moderate
economic recession.7 Not only is the current burden of
musculoskeletal conditions high, but the burden will only increase
over the next decades. For example, by 2030, an estimated 67 million
US adults will have arthritis, 25 million of whom will have
associated activity limitations.8 Factors that will contribute to
this increasing burden and consequences of musculoskeletal conditions
include the ongoing ``obesity epidemic,'' aging of the population,
and other social issues (eg, having to work longer before
retirement).9,10
To achieve these aims, it is important to consider the basic tenets
of good general health, which are also critically important for
maintaining and enhancing musculoskeletal health:
1. Maintain a healthy body weight
2. Engage in regular physical activity
3. Don't smoke
4. Protect yourself from injury
5. See your health care provider regularly
Maintaining a healthy body weight results in less stress on the
joints and muscles and reduces the risk of developing musculoskeletal
disease. Regular, moderate-intensity physical activity is necessary
for normal bone and joint health, and a well-rounded regimen includes
aerobic, flexibility, and muscle- strengthening activities.
Endorsement of a no-smoking lifestyle not only reduces the risk of
many life-threatening diseases (eg, cancer, cardiovascular disease)
but may also be linked to lower rates of musculoskeletal conditions
such as low back pain and traumatic injury. Engaging in known injury
reducing behaviors (eg, wearing seatbelts) as well as protecting
joints from sports and occupational injuries can reduce the
risk of musculoskeletal disease.
Differential effects of strength versus power training on bone
mineral density in postmenopausal women: a 2-year longitudinal study
Simon von Stengel1, Wolfgang Kemmler1, Willi A Kalender1, Klaus
Engelke1, Dirk Lauber2
British Journal of Sports Medicine 2007;41:649-655
Objectives: To investigate the effect of two different schemes of
loading in resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and pain
in pretrained postmenopausal women.
Methods: 53 pretrained women (mean (SD) age 58.2 (3.7) years) who
carried out a mixed resistance and gymnastics programme were randomly
assigned to a strength training (ST) or power training (PT) group.
The difference between the two groups was the movement velocity
during the resistance training (ST, 4 s (concentric)/4 s (eccentric);
PT, explosive/4 s). Otherwise both groups carried out periodised
progressive resistance training (10–12 exercises, 2–4 sets, 4–12
repetitions at 70–92.5% of the one-repetition maximum (2/week) for 2
years. Mechanical loading was determined with a force measuring plate
during the leg press exercise. At baseline and after 2 years, BMD was
measured at different sites with dual x-ray absorptiometry. Pain was
assessed by questionnaire.
Results: Loading magnitude, loading/unloading rate, loading amplitude
and loading frequency differed significantly (p<0.001) between the
two groups. After 2 years, significant between-group differences were
detected for BMD (PT, –0.3%; ST, –2.4%; p<0.05) and bone area (PT,
0.4%; ST, –0.9%; p<0.05) at the lumbar spine. At the hip, there was a
non-significant trend in favour of the PT group. Also the incidence
of pain indicators at the lumbar spine was more favourable in the PT
group.
Conclusion: The results show that PT may be superior for maintaining
BMD in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, PT was safe as it did not
lead to increased injury or pain.
------------------
``These Old Bones''—A Growing Public Health
Problem
www.nata.org/jat/readers/archives/42.3/i1062-6050-42-3-325.pdf
Jennifer M. Hootman, PhD, ATC, FACSM
Excerpts provided:
The Bone and Joint Decade (2000–2010) was designated by the United
Nations and the World Health Organization to focus attention on the
growing worldwide burden of musculoskeletal disease. October 12–20,
2007, is National Action Week for the
US Bone and Joint Decade (www.usbjd.org) and the perfect avenue for
increasing the awareness of the public health problem of
musculoskeletal disease.
Musculoskeletal conditions make up some of the most common acute and
chronic conditions affecting both children and adults and are the
leading causes of physical disability and work-related disability in
the United States.1,2 The numbers affected are alarming for US
adults2–6:
• Arthritis: 46 million
• Low back pain: 34 million
• Neck pain: 9 million
• Osteoporosis: 10 million
• Unintentional injury: 15 million emergency department visits
• Musculoskeletal disorders: 30% of lost work days
The economic costs of these musculoskeletal conditions are
staggering, an estimated $240 billion annually, equivalent to
approximately 3% of the gross domestic product, equal to a moderate
economic recession.7 Not only is the current burden of
musculoskeletal conditions high, but the burden will only increase
over the next decades. For example, by 2030, an estimated 67 million
US adults will have arthritis, 25 million of whom will have
associated activity limitations.8 Factors that will contribute to
this increasing burden and consequences of musculoskeletal conditions
include the ongoing ``obesity epidemic,'' aging of the population,
and other social issues (eg, having to work longer before
retirement).9,10
To achieve these aims, it is important to consider the basic tenets
of good general health, which are also critically important for
maintaining and enhancing musculoskeletal health:
1. Maintain a healthy body weight
2. Engage in regular physical activity
3. Don't smoke
4. Protect yourself from injury
5. See your health care provider regularly
Maintaining a healthy body weight results in less stress on the
joints and muscles and reduces the risk of developing musculoskeletal
disease. Regular, moderate-intensity physical activity is necessary
for normal bone and joint health, and a well-rounded regimen includes
aerobic, flexibility, and muscle- strengthening activities.
Endorsement of a no-smoking lifestyle not only reduces the risk of
many life-threatening diseases (eg, cancer, cardiovascular disease)
but may also be linked to lower rates of musculoskeletal conditions
such as low back pain and traumatic injury. Engaging in known injury
reducing behaviors (eg, wearing seatbelts) as well as protecting
joints from sports and occupational injuries can reduce the
risk of musculoskeletal disease.